Guhindura inshuro ni tekinoroji igomba gutozwa mugihe ukora amashanyarazi. Gukoresha inshuro zihindura kugirango ugenzure moteri nuburyo busanzwe mugucunga amashanyarazi; bamwe basaba kandi ubuhanga mukoresha.
1.Bwa mbere, kuki ukoresha moteri ihindura kugirango ugenzure moteri?
Moteri ni umutwaro wivangura, ubuza ihinduka ryumuyaga kandi uzatanga impinduka nini mumashanyarazi mugihe utangiye.
Inverter nigikoresho cyo kugenzura ingufu zamashanyarazi zikoresha imikorere-yimikorere yibikoresho bya semiconductor kugirango ihindure amashanyarazi yinganda zindi mumurongo. Igizwe ahanini nizunguruka ebyiri, imwe numuzingi nyamukuru (module ikosora, capacitori ya electrolytike na moderi ya inverter), naho iyindi ni umuzenguruko (guhinduranya amashanyarazi, ikibaho cyumuzunguruko).
Kugirango ugabanye itangira rya moteri, cyane cyane moteri ifite imbaraga nyinshi, imbaraga nini, nini yo gutangira. Gutangira birenze urugero bizazana umutwaro uremereye wo gutanga amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza. Ihinduranya rya frequence irashobora gukemura iki kibazo cyo gutangira kandi ikemerera moteri gutangira neza nta gutera umuvuduko ukabije.
Ikindi gikorwa cyo gukoresha inshuro zihindura ni uguhindura umuvuduko wa moteri. Mubihe byinshi, birakenewe kugenzura umuvuduko wa moteri kugirango ubone umusaruro mwiza, kandi kugenzura umuvuduko wihuta byahoraga aribyo byingenzi cyane. Guhindura inshuro zigenzura umuvuduko wa moteri muguhindura inshuro yumuriro w'amashanyarazi.
2.Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kugenzura inverter?
Uburyo butanu bukoreshwa cyane muri moteri yo kugenzura inverter nuburyo bukurikira:
A. Uburyo bwo kugenzura ubugari bwa Sinusoidal (SPWM)
Ibiranga nuburyo bworoshye bwo kugenzura imiterere yumuzunguruko, igiciro gito, ubukanishi bwiza, kandi birashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byihuta byogukwirakwiza rusange. Yakoreshejwe cyane mubice bitandukanye byinganda.
Nyamara, kuri frequency nkeya, kubera ingufu nkeya zisohoka, torque yibasiwe cyane na stator irwanya voltage igabanuka, igabanya umuvuduko mwinshi usohoka.
Byongeye kandi, imiterere yubukanishi ntabwo ikomeye nkibya moteri ya DC, kandi imbaraga za torque zifite imbaraga hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenzura umuvuduko uhagaze ntabwo bishimishije. Mubyongeyeho, imikorere ya sisitemu ntabwo iri hejuru, kugenzura umurongo uhinduka hamwe numutwaro, igisubizo cya torque kiratinda, igipimo cyo gukoresha moteri ntikiri hejuru, kandi imikorere iragabanuka kumuvuduko muke bitewe nuko hariho stator irwanya na inverter yapfuye Ingaruka ya zone, kandi ituze riragenda ryangirika. Kubwibyo, abantu bize vector kugenzura ibintu byihuta byihuta.
B. Uburyo bwa Voltage Umwanya (SVPWM) Uburyo bwo kugenzura
Ishingiye ku ngaruka rusange yibisekuru byibyiciro bitatu, bigamije kwegera icyerekezo cyiza kizunguruka kizunguruka cya magnetiki yumurongo wa trayectory yikirere cya moteri, kubyara ibyiciro bitatu bya modulisiyo icyarimwe, kandi bikagenzurwa muburyo ya polygon yanditseho igereranya uruziga.
Nyuma yo gukoreshwa bifatika, byatejwe imbere, ni ukuvuga, gushyiraho indishyi zinshyi kugirango ikureho ikosa ryo kugenzura umuvuduko; kugereranya flux amplitude binyuze mubitekerezo kugirango ikureho ingaruka zo kurwanya stator kumuvuduko muke; gufunga ibisohoka voltage na loop igezweho kugirango tunoze neza kandi neza. Nyamara, hariho imiyoboro myinshi yo kugenzura imiyoboro, kandi nta guhinduranya umuriro kwatangijwe, bityo imikorere ya sisitemu ntabwo yatezimbere cyane.
C. Uburyo bwo kugenzura ibice (VC)
Icyangombwa nugukora moteri ya AC ihwanye na moteri ya DC, kandi ukigenga kugenzura umuvuduko numurima wa magneti. Mugucunga rotor flux, moteri ya stator irabora kugirango ibone torque na magnetique yumurima, kandi guhuza imirongo ikoreshwa kugirango igere kuri orthogonal cyangwa decoupled control. Intangiriro yuburyo bugenzura uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bifite akamaro. Nyamara, mubikorwa bifatika, kubera ko rotor flux igoye kuyitegereza neza, ibiranga sisitemu bigira ingaruka cyane kubipimo bya moteri, kandi guhinduranya kwa vector ikoreshwa muburyo bumwe bwo kugenzura moteri ya DC biragoye, bigatuma bigora nyirizina kugenzura ingaruka kugirango ugere kubisubizo byiza byo gusesengura.
D. Uburyo bwo Kugenzura Torque (DTC) Uburyo
Mu 1985, Porofeseri DePenbrock wo muri kaminuza ya Ruhr mu Budage yatanze igitekerezo cya mbere cyo gukoresha tekinoroji yo guhinduranya imirongo. Iri koranabuhanga ryakemuye ahanini ibitagenda neza kugenzura ubugenzuzi bwavuzwe haruguru, kandi ryatejwe imbere byihuse hamwe nibitekerezo byo kugenzura udushya, imiterere ya sisitemu isobanutse kandi isobanutse, hamwe nibikorwa byiza kandi bihamye.
Kugeza ubu, iryo koranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe neza mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi menshi ya moteri ya moteri. Igenzura rya torque itaziguye isesengura ryimibare yimibare ya moteri ya AC muri sisitemu yo guhuza stator kandi ikagenzura imiyoboro ya rukuruzi na moteri ya moteri. Ntabwo ikeneye kugereranya moteri ya AC na moteri ya DC, bityo ikuraho imibare myinshi igoye muguhindura inzitizi; ntikeneye kwigana igenzura rya moteri ya DC, ntanubwo ikeneye koroshya imiterere yimibare ya moteri ya AC yo gukuramo.
E. Uburyo bwo kugenzura Matrix AC-AC
Guhindura inshuro za VVVF, kugenzura kugenzura inshuro nyinshi, no guhinduranya umurongo wa torque itaziguye ni ubwoko bwubwoko bwa AC-DC-AC. Ingaruka zabo zisanzwe ni imbaraga nke zinjiza, imbaraga nini zihuza, ubushobozi bunini bwo kubika ingufu zisabwa kumuzunguruko wa DC, kandi ingufu zisubirwamo ntizishobora kugarurwa mumashanyarazi, ni ukuvuga ko idashobora gukora muri quadrants enye.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, matrix AC-AC ihinduka inshuro yabayeho. Kubera ko matrix AC-AC ihinduranya ikuraho imiyoboro ya DC hagati, ikuraho capacitor nini kandi ihenze ya electrolytike. Irashobora kugera kubintu byingufu za 1, sinusoidal yinjiza kandi irashobora gukora muri quadrants enye, kandi sisitemu ifite imbaraga nyinshi. Nubwo iri koranabuhanga ritarakura, riracyakurura intiti nyinshi gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse. Intego yacyo ntabwo ari ukugenzura mu buryo butaziguye ibyagezweho, magnetiki flux nubundi bwinshi, ahubwo ni ugukoresha itara nkumubare wagenzuwe kugirango ubigereho.
3.Ni gute uhinduranya imirongo igenzura moteri? Nigute byombi byashizwe hamwe?
Amashanyarazi ya inverter kugirango agenzure moteri aroroshye cyane, asa nu nsinga zumuhuza, hamwe nimirongo itatu yingenzi yamashanyarazi yinjira hanyuma igasohoka kuri moteri, ariko igenamiterere riragoye, kandi nuburyo bwo kugenzura inverter nabwo bitandukanye.
Mbere ya byose, kuri inverter terminal, nubwo hariho ibirango byinshi nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha insinga, insinga za wiring za inverter nyinshi ntabwo zitandukanye cyane. Mubisanzwe bigabanijwemo imbere no gusubiza inyuma ibyinjira, bikoreshwa mugucunga imbere no gusubira inyuma kwa moteri. Ibitekerezo bisubirwamo bikoreshwa mugutanga ibitekerezo kumikorere ya moteri,harimo inshuro zikoreshwa, umuvuduko, imiterere yamakosa, nibindi
Kugenzura umuvuduko wihuta, bamwe bahindura imirongo bakoresha potentiometero, bamwe bakoresha buto butaziguye, byose bigenzurwa binyuze mumashanyarazi. Ubundi buryo ni ugukoresha umuyoboro w'itumanaho. Abahindura imirongo myinshi ubu bashyigikira kugenzura itumanaho. Umurongo w'itumanaho urashobora gukoreshwa mugucunga gutangira no guhagarara, imbere no guhinduranya, guhinduranya umuvuduko, nibindi bya moteri. Muri icyo gihe, amakuru yo gutanga ibitekerezo nayo atangwa binyuze mu itumanaho.
4.Ni ibiki bigenda kuri moteri isohoka ya moteri mugihe umuvuduko wacyo (frequency) uhindutse?
Itangiriro ryumuriro na torque ntarengwa iyo itwarwa numuyoboro uhinduranya ni ntoya kuruta iyo itwarwa namashanyarazi.
Moteri ifite ingaruka nini yo gutangira no kwihuta iyo ikoreshwa namashanyarazi, ariko izi ngaruka ziba nkeya mugihe zikoreshwa numuyoboro uhindura. Gutangirana no gutanga amashanyarazi bizabyara intangiriro nini. Iyo imashini ihinduranya ikoreshwa, ibisohoka biva mumashanyarazi hamwe ninshuro zihinduranya byongeweho buhoro buhoro kuri moteri, bityo moteri itangira amashanyarazi ningaruka ni nto. Mubisanzwe, itara ryakozwe na moteri rigabanuka uko inshuro zigabanuka (umuvuduko ugabanuka). Amakuru nyayo yo kugabanuka azasobanurwa mubitabo bimwe bihindura imirongo.
Moteri isanzwe yarateguwe kandi ikorwa kuri voltage ya 50Hz, kandi itara ryayo ryagenwe naryo ritangwa muriki gipimo cya voltage. Kubwibyo, kugenzura umuvuduko uri munsi yumurongo wateganijwe byitwa guhora torque yihuta. (T = Te, P <= Pe)
Iyo ibisohoka inshuro zumuvuduko urenze 50Hz, itara ryakozwe na moteri rigabanuka mumibanire yumurongo ugereranije nubunini.
Iyo moteri ikora kuri frequence irenga 50Hz, ingano yumutwaro wa moteri igomba kwitabwaho kugirango ikumire moteri idahagije.
Kurugero, itara ryakozwe na moteri kuri 100Hz ryaragabanutse kugera kuri 1/2 cyumuriro wakozwe kuri 50Hz.
Kubwibyo, kugenzura umuvuduko hejuru yumurongo wagenwe byitwa guhora imbaraga zigenga. (P = Ue * Ie).
5.Gusaba guhinduranya inshuro hejuru ya 50Hz
Kuri moteri runaka, voltage yayo yagenwe hamwe numuyoboro uhoraho uhoraho.
Kurugero, niba indangagaciro zapimwe za inverter na moteri byombi: 15kW / 380V / 30A, moteri irashobora gukora hejuru ya 50Hz.
Iyo umuvuduko ari 50Hz, ibisohoka voltage ya inverter ni 380V naho ikigezweho ni 30A. Muri iki gihe, niba ibisohoka byongerewe kugeza kuri 60Hz, ingufu nyinshi zisohoka n’umuvuduko wa inverter zishobora kuba 380V / 30A gusa. Biragaragara, ibisohoka imbaraga ntigihinduka, kubwibyo twita guhora kwihuta kwingufu.
Umuriro umeze ute muri iki gihe?
Kuberako P = wT (w; umuvuduko w'inguni, T: torque), kubera ko P idahindutse kandi w ikiyongera, torque izagabanuka uko bikwiye.
Turashobora kandi kubireba kurundi ruhande:
Umuvuduko wa stator ya moteri ni U = E + I * R (Ndiho ubu, R ni anti-electronique, na E iterwa n'ubushobozi).
Birashobora kugaragara ko iyo U na njye tudahindutse, E nayo ntabwo ihinduka.
Kandi E = k * f * X (k: ihoraho; f: inshuro; X: magnetiki flux), iyo rero f ihindutse kuva 50–> 60Hz, X izagabanuka bikurikije.
Kuri moteri, T = K * I * X (K: ihoraho; I: ikigezweho; X: magnetic flux), bityo torque T izagabanuka uko flux ya X igabanuka.
Igihe kimwe, iyo ari munsi ya 50Hz, kubera ko I * R ari nto cyane, iyo U / f = E / f idahindutse, flux ya magnetique (X) ihoraho. Torque T iringaniza nubu. Niyo mpanvu ubushobozi burenze urugero bwa inverter busanzwe bukoreshwa mugusobanura ubushobozi bwacyo burenze (torque), kandi byitwa guhora byihuta byumuvuduko (ibipimo byateganijwe ntibigihinduka -> itara ryinshi ntirihinduka)
Umwanzuro: Iyo ibisohoka inshuro za inverter ziyongereye kuva hejuru ya 50Hz, ibisohoka bya moteri bizagabanuka.
6.Ibindi bintu bifitanye isano nibisohoka
Ubushuhe bwo gutanga ubushyuhe hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bugena umusaruro uva muri inverter, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumasoko yumuriro wa inverter.
1. Inshuro yabatwara: Ikigereranyo cyagenwe cyerekanwe kuri inverter muri rusange nigiciro gishobora gutuma umusaruro uhoraho kumurongo mwinshi wabatwara hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwibidukikije. Kugabanya inshuro zitwara ibintu ntabwo bizagira ingaruka kuri moteri ya moteri. Ariko, ubushyuhe bwo kubyara ibice bizagabanuka.
2. Ubushyuhe bwibidukikije: Nkuko kurinda inverter kurinda agaciro ntigishobora kwiyongera mugihe ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bwagaragaye ko buri hasi.
3. Uburebure: Ubwiyongere bw'uburebure bugira ingaruka ku gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe no gukora neza. Mubisanzwe, birashobora kwirengagizwa munsi ya 1000m, kandi ubushobozi burashobora kugabanukaho 5% kuri metero 1000 hejuru.
7.Ni ubuhe buryo bukwiye bwo guhinduranya imirongo kugirango igenzure moteri?
Muri make muri make, twamenye impamvu inverter ikoreshwa mugucunga moteri, kandi tunasobanukirwa uburyo inverter igenzura moteri. Inverter igenzura moteri, ishobora kuvunagurwa muburyo bukurikira:
Ubwa mbere, inverter igenzura itangira rya voltage ninshuro ya moteri kugirango igere neza kandi ihagarare neza;
Icya kabiri, inverter ikoreshwa muguhindura umuvuduko wa moteri, kandi umuvuduko wa moteri uhindurwa no guhindura inshuro.
Moteri ya Anhui Mingteng ihorahoibicuruzwa bigenzurwa na inverter. Mubipimo byumutwaro wa 25% -120%, bifite imikorere ihanitse kandi ikora mugari kuruta moteri idahwitse ya moteri imwe, kandi ifite ingaruka zikomeye zo kuzigama ingufu.
Abatekinisiye bacu babigize umwuga bazahitamo inverter ikwiranye ukurikije imiterere yihariye yakazi hamwe nibyifuzo byabakiriya kugirango bagenzure neza moteri kandi barusheho gukora neza moteri. Mubyongeyeho, ishami ryitumanaho rya tekinike rirashobora kuyobora kure abakiriya gushiraho no gukuramo inverter, no kumenya ibyakurikiranwe hamwe na serivisi mbere na nyuma yo kugurisha.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-09-2024